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This article offers a critical examination of the relationship between the economic foundations, the developmen

tal policies underlying to those economic foundations and the targets set for education sector. The transforma

tion of international economic foundations involves great reforms of international development policies which

are promoted by international organizations and relayed by States. That is the process of “policy borrowing” in

which new ideas developed elsewhere are transmitted and applied in an environment other than that in which

they are developed. The article defends an argument that although the Education for Sustainable Develop

ment (ESD) is supposed to address the local contexts of three spheres (environment, society and Economy), its

integration in education systems of countries that heavily depend on external assistance follows the process of

policy borrowing. Thus, this article shows the challenges that face the local education system while integrating

ESD ideas that are developed elsewhere.